A lot of good places touched on. I've been to Disney A LOT, here's a few things from my experience.
Food - Victoria & Albert's is solid. Dress code, no kids. Premier. Boma's over at AK Lodge is good buffet. If you want to satisfy the kid in you, The Coral Reef in Epcot has decent seafood and you sit literally inside an aquarium. The grille that has changed names 20 times over at The Land spins around and serves southern style stuff. You can of course, eat at Stefan's upstairs in Cinderella's castle.
Attraction - Magic Kingdom has Pirates, Splash Mountain, Haunted Mansion, Space Mountain (I think it's currently being worked on...), Carousel of Progress and the rest are mostly kiddy attractions. Epcot has Test Track, Mission to Mars, and a lot of earth science rides, as well as food and stuff from something like 13 different countries in the rear around the lagoon. MGM has the Tower of Terror, Aerosmith's Rock'n'RollerCoaster, Indiana Jones' Stunt Show, Star Wars, The Great Movie Ride and animation and studio tours. Animal Kingdom is mostly animals and animal shows, but they have a new Yeti themed coaster that goes backwards and does some cool stuff.
If you have one day to satisfy your childhood, my money is on Magic Kingdom. It's got the strongest parades and character locations. The best shopping in the parks and the most iconic attractions. Top it with dinner at the castle and it's a pretty good "big kid" day. Downtown Disney has a lot of adult shows, drinking, and shopping if you've still got the energy. House of Blues, Planet Hollywood, Cirque Du Soleil, and shopping. Not technically in a park, but part of the experience.