The speedometer gives an indication to the vehicle operator of the relative vehicle road speed. This gauge is controlled
by the instrument cluster circuit board based upon cluster programming and electronic messages received by
the cluster from the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) over the Programmable Communications Interface (PCI) data
bus.
The speedometer is an air core magnetic unit that receives battery current on the instrument cluster electronic circuit
board through the fused ignition switch output (run-start) circuit whenever the ignition switch is in the On or Start
positions. The cluster is programmed to move the gauge needle back to the low end of the scale after the ignition
switch is turned to the Off position. The instrument cluster circuitry controls the gauge needle position and provides
the following features:
² Vehicle Speed Message - Each time the cluster receives a vehicle speed message from the PCM it will calculate
the correct vehicle speed reading and position the gauge needle at that relative speed position on the
gauge scale. The cluster will receive a new vehicle speed message and reposition the gauge pointer accordingly
about every 88 milliseconds. The gauge needle will continually be positioned at the relative vehicle speed
position on the gauge scale until the vehicle stops moving, or until the ignition switch is turned to the Off
position, whichever occurs first.
² Communication Error - If the cluster fails to receive a speedometer message, it will hold the gauge needle at
the last indication for about ten seconds, or until the ignition switch is turned to the Off position, whichever
occurs first. After ten seconds, the gauge needle will return to the left end of the gauge scale.
² Actuator Test - Each time the cluster is put through the actuator test, the speedometer needle will be swept
to several calibration points on the gauge scale in a prescribed sequence in order to confirm the functionality
of the gauge and the cluster control circuitry.
The PCM continually monitors the vehicle speed sensor or the Controller Anti-lock Brake (CAB) to determine the
vehicle road speed. The PCM then sends the proper vehicle speed messages to the instrument cluster. For further
diagnosis of the speedometer or the instrument cluster circuitry that controls the gauge, (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/
INSTRUMENT CLUSTER - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING).
For proper diagnosis of the vehicle speed sensor, the CAB, the PCM, the PCI data bus, or the electronic message
inputs to the instrument cluster that control the speedometer, a diagnostic scan tool is required. Refer to the appropriate
diagnostic information.